Research Themes
Human-Machine Interaction
The extent to which humans remain in direct control of the use of force and the quality of that control are key themes animating the international debate on autonomous weapons systems. This research theme examines these concerns in the context of practices of human-machine interaction and how they shape emerging use of force norms, including an emerging norm of “meaningful” human control.
Articles on human-machine interaction

Consequences of Using AI-Based Decision-Making Support Systems for Affected Populations
The following essay builds on remarks delivered by Ingvild Bode as part of the Expert Workshop “AI and Related Technologies in Military Decision-Making on the Use of Force”, organised by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) & Geneva Academy Joint Initiative on the Digitalization of Armed Conflict on

Reflecting on the Future Norms of Warfare
[The following essay builds on a contribution submitted by Ingvild Bode to the RUSI/HRI project ”The Future Rules of Warfare”. The essay reflects on how current norms of conflict and warfare might be changing.] The legal norms enshrined in the UN Charta, as well as associated legal frameworks such as

AutoNorms
An international research project examining weaponised artificial intelligence, norms, and order
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Recent Articles

Google’s Brave New World? Big Tech, Military AI, and the Trump Effect
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